Which of these is typically considered a part of governmental expenditures?

Governmental expenditures primarily consist of the amount spent by government entities at various levels—federal, state, and local—on goods and services that are intended to serve the public. This includes spending on infrastructure, education, public safety, and other services provided to citizens. When referring to governmental purchases, this encompasses the direct acquisition of physical items or services, such as equipment, supplies, and contracting services necessary for government operations.

This category is distinct because it reflects direct spending by the government aimed at fulfilling its obligations and functions, highlighting the role of government in economic activity. In contrast, defined benefit pensions, local government loans, and corporate subsidies might involve financial distributions or commitments but do not directly represent government purchases of goods or services. Thus, the focus on purchases emphasizes tangible governmental expenditures, making this the most accurate choice in the context of what constitutes governmental spending.