Which component is essentially the 'brain' of the computer?

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, serves as the 'brain' of the computer because it is primarily responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It processes data and controls the flow of information between the computer's other components. The CPU interprets program instructions, which allows it to manage tasks such as running applications, processing input from the user, and controlling output to the display or other devices.

In contrast, while memory stores data transiently, it does not execute instructions; it merely holds information for quick access by the CPU. The motherboard is a critical component allowing communication between the various parts of the computer, but it does not perform any processing itself. The power supply, while essential for providing electricity to all computer components, does not play a role in processing data. Thus, it is the CPU that is designated as the brain due to its core function in managing the computer's operations.