What type of software is classified as firmware?

Firmware is defined as a specialized type of software that is embedded in hardware devices and is typically stored in non-volatile memory, such as ROM or flash memory. This means that it remains intact even when the device is powered off. Firmware provides low-level control for a device's specific hardware and is essential for the device's operation.

The characteristics of firmware distinguish it from other types of software. Unlike standard application software, which can be easily modified and updated, firmware is generally more stable and is less frequently changed because it is closely tied to the hardware it supports. This is why the classification of firmware as software that is permanently stored in a chip is accurate. Main operating systems and applications, while crucial to a computing environment, do not fit the definition of firmwarebecause they are designed for more dynamic usage and can be modified more easily.