What term describes devices that communicate with the CPU but are not located on the motherboard?

The term that describes devices that communicate with the CPU but are not located on the motherboard is "peripheral devices." Peripheral devices are any hardware that connects to a computer but is not a part of the core architecture, such as the CPU, memory, or motherboard. These devices can be either input devices, like keyboards and mice, or output devices, like printers and monitors. They enhance the functionality of the computer by allowing users to interact with it or by providing additional capabilities, such as data storage or audio output.

The distinction of peripheral devices lies in their external connection to the system, often through ports such as USB or HDMI. This is why they are categorized separately from components mounted directly onto the motherboard, which are essential for the computer's basic operation. Understanding the role of peripheral devices helps clarify how different hardware components work together to form an integrated system.