What is the type of storage called that is used temporarily by the CPU to process data and instructions?

The correct type of storage that is used temporarily by the CPU to process data and instructions is referred to as primary storage. This form of storage, often represented by RAM (Random Access Memory), allows the CPU quick access to data and instructions that are in active use. The functionality of primary storage is crucial for the performance of a computer, as it provides the necessary working space for the CPU to read and write data rapidly during processing tasks.

In contrast, secondary storage refers to devices like hard drives or SSDs that store data long-term but are not accessed as quickly as primary storage. Tertiary storage involves lower-speed storage often used for archival purposes, such as tapes. Cloud storage provides remote data storage solutions that may involve both primary and secondary storage but is not directly involved in the temporary storage of data being processed by the CPU. Thus, primary storage is essential for the immediate processing needs of the CPU, making it the appropriate answer to the question.