What is a set of step-by-step instructions given to a computer often referred to as?

The term that describes a set of step-by-step instructions given to a computer is indeed referenced as a program. A program is a collection of code written in a programming language that instructs the computer on how to perform specific tasks. It is designed to execute a sequence of operations automatically, allowing users to achieve desired outcomes by following the specified instructions within the program.

An algorithm, while related, refers more specifically to a defined sequence of steps for solving a particular problem or performing a computation but does not necessarily imply it's structured as a program ready for execution. Software is a broader term that encompasses all types of programs or applications used on a computer, while an application generally denotes a specific type of software designed for end users, such as word processors or games. Thus, while all choices pertain to computing, "program" directly captures the essence of step-by-step instructions tailored for computer execution.